How storage devices works


How to Backup Your Computer Files

As I write this, it's early December, and tryHard diskettes, the old familiar 3.5"
as I might, I can't remember what my newsquares, hold up to 1.44 megabytes of data.
year's resolution was last time around. OneThey're cheap, but 1.44 MB is less than two
thing I can say with near hundred percentpercent of the ten gigs of data on my hard
certainty is that whatever it was, I faileddrive. Even if each of those files were
to keep it. Maybe you're the same. Maybe yousmaller than 1.44 MB (and each weren't), I'm
resolved to quit smoking, lose weight, ornot keen on the idea of buying, labeling, and
read more. We all make promises withstoring  fifty  diskettes. Next idea, please.
ourselves, then fail to keep those promises.
Worst of all, those promises might be exactlyMost computer experts rely on removable hard
what we need most. Consider this: When wasdrives for memory backups. The most popular
the last time you backed up your computerof these drives are the Zip drive from Iomega
files?  Last  month?  Last  year?  Never?and the ORB drive from Castlewood. They're
relatively inexpensive and hold up to two
Let's make a new year's resolution together,gigs of data. Basically, you'll save your
you and I. Let's promise to back up ourdata on a Zip disk, then transfer it from the
computers. It's important, I promise. Justdisk to the portable drive. The catch is that
yesterday the automatic backup feature in MSremovable drives fail about as often as
Word saved me about an hour's work when myregular hard drives. They may even be more
computer froze up. Given that I haven'tsusceptible to damage from dust and rough
backed up my computer in almost a year, Ihandling. A sub-option here is to use a
can't even imagine how much data I'd lose ifpermanent hard drive as a removable drive. At
I suffered a power surge or hard driveup to two hundred gigs, conventional hard
failure. It can happen to the best of us, anddrives are bigger than removable drives, and
often does. Even high end hard driveprices have dropped enough in recent years to
manufacturers report an average failure ratemake this idea practical. Whatever kind of
of between five and eight per thousand everyhard drive you decide to use, make sure to
year. That may not sound like much, but let'skeep it isolated from dust, magnetic charges,
face it, somebody has to be those five toand  static  electricity.
eight people. Feeling lucky? There are about
185 million household PCs in the U.S.,Optical drives use a laser to store
according to Computer Industry Almanac, soinformation, rather than a magnet. Even if
that means about 150,000 hard drives failyou're not a tech junkie, that's probably
each year. But even if your drive staysenough information to give you a clearer idea
intact, about a tenth of all computers sufferwhat we're talking about: namely, CDs and
minor data loss in any given year. A powerDVDs. Less common are EO (erasable optical)
surge, the magnets in your home stereoand WORM (write once, read many) media;
speakers, or even an accidental nudge canthey're less common because they cost over
affect data storage. According to a report$1000 per drive. CDs, on the other hand, cost
from the ONTRACK data recovery service, dataless than a buck and can hold up to 650
loss can be caused by natural disasters (3%megabytes. DVDs hold up to five gigs and cost
of cases), computer viruses (7%), softwareabout fifteen dollars apiece. Most computers
problems (14%), and plain old user error (anowadays have either a CD or DVD writer (or
whopping 32%). Now, I'm sure you never hit aboth), but write times can be slow. My CD
wrong keyboard button, but do you have awriter, for example, works best on the 300
button on your computer that prevents a boltkilobyte per second setting-if then. I'll be
of  lightning?  I  didn't  think  so.using the remote server option. At $250 and
up, tape drives are more expensive and slower
WHEREAS our data is important, and disasterthan hard drives or optical media, hence less
can befall even the most noble andcommon,  but  also  extremely  reliable.
undeserving of us, BE IT RESOLVED that you
and I shall back up our computer filesRemote servers are third party companies that
forthwith.store data online for a fee. This is a great
option for broadband Internet users,
Amen, brothers and sisters. Now, where andespecially people like me who don't own a
how  do  we  start?reliable data writer. SkyDesk runs
Backup.com, Back-Up Solutions maintains
STEP  ONE:  Choosing  FavoritesBackUpHelp.com, and Iomega hosts iServer
(Iomega.com/iStorage). XDrive.com, once a
Not all files are important enough tofree service, now charges ten bucks a month
preserve for posterity. The most criticalfor up to five gigs of storage. Promotions
files on a computer are its operating systemand other rates change, so it's a good idea
files. If you're a good little consumer, youto shop around before selecting a remote
bought the operating system and kept thosestorage  service.
CDs handy and secure from data loss. If
you're not, then remind yourself to go standSTEP  THREE:  Git  'er  Done
in the corner later. The drones at Microsoft
did not work for years just to watch youNow it's time to put the files you want to
steal their work. It's people like you thatsave on the storage medium you've chosen.
keep Bill Gates from buying his secondThere are several ways to do this. Your CD
planet. Now that you've been suitablywriter, for example, may come with
chastised, either go buy a legal copy of theproprietary disk writing software. That
operating system, or include the necessaryapplication may even include a backup option.
files  in  your  "must  back  up"  list.If it does, and you're more familiar with
that software than Windows features, then
The same principle goes for softwarethat's the way to go. Otherwise, backup is
applications. Maybe you bought an ad andstill relatively easy on all MS operating
spyware blocker you really like, but thesystems since Windows 98. Windows 98, Windows
company that coded it has since gone out ofME, and Windows XP Professional include a
business (perhaps because other consumersbuilt-in Backup utility. To run it, just
weren't as scrupulous as you). If so, includeclick on Start, then Programs, then
the files you need to run the app in yourAccessories, then System Tools, then Backup.
must  list.How easy was that? If you're using the XP
Home edition, you may need to add the utility
Now it's time to look at the remaining filesmanually. If so, insert the Windows XP CD
on your computer and prioritize. If you'reinto your disk drive and wait for the
not a digital packrat like me, it may be"Welcome to Microsoft Windows XP" screen.
possible to save everything. If so,(You may need to double-click the CD icon in
congratulations. I don't have ten gigabytesMy Computer.) Then click on Perform
of portable media at my disposal, so when IAdditional Tasks and Browse This CD. In
back up my computer, I'll be leaving a fewWindows Explorer, double-click the ValueAdd
gigs of MP3s and questionable Windows Mediafolder, then Msft, then Ntbackup.
files at risk. One of the first things I willDouble-clicking on Ntbackup.msi will install
save is the folder I use to save my writingthe utility. Once it's installed, you can
assignments, because that data representsalso run the program by clicking Start and
money in my pocket. I'll back up my emailRun, then typing msbackup.exe (Windows 98 and
address book, plus my digital photography andWindows ME) or ntbackup.exe (Windows XP) in
fiction writing efforts. I can live withoutthe Open field. Click OK, and you'll be off
"Milkshake" (what was I thinking?), but theto  the  races.
guitar piece my friend recorded and sent to
me is going on the list. Your results mayIncidentally, the Windows XP Backup utility
vary.also includes a bonus application called the
Automated Recovery Wizard. This creates a
STEP TWO: In Which I Tell You Where You Canbootable floppy that initiates backup if the
Put  Ithard drive must be replaced. Other options
for "disaster recovery" include BackUp MyPC
That's right, this is the section in whichfrom Stomp (StompInc.com, $79) and Norton
I'll tell you where to store your data. It'sGhost 9.0 from Symantec (Norton.com, $69.95).
not a good idea to put backup files onGhost actually allows users to duplicate the
another drive on the same computer. Thatcontents of their computer over the Internet.
defeats the whole purpose. Duplicating yourBoth have earned stellar reviews from top PC
files on another computer in the same LAN ismagazines.
almost as risky, because computer viruses can
spread as fast as an imaginary AnnaDon't let another month go by without
Kournikova JPEG. You need to find a portableprotecting the files you value most. My
storage medium that can hold all the files ongirlfriend justifies her messy car by saying
your must list. Your options include floppyshe "lives out of it." Well, I live out of my
diskettes, portable hard drives, opticalcomputer. It's not just my office; it's the
drives, tape drives, and remote servers.home of cherished memories in the form of
We'll  look  at  each  in  turn.pictures, MP3, and other data files. I'm
resolved to keep it safe.



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